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Paul Evans Library of Fruit Science

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ENOLOGY: WINE SCIENCE

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Wine Science

WINE CHEMISTRY
Concentration of Primary Amino Acids in Grape Juice: NOPA Procedure
by Dukes B.C. and Butzke C.E. [Click here for .pdf format]
Cork Sensory Quality Control Manual by Christian Butzke and Adam Suprenant [in .pdf format]
Ethyl Carbamate Preventative Action Manual: 1997 by Christian E. Butzke & Linda F. Bisson
The National Collection of Yeast Cultures Brewing Yeast Collection (the database also includes wine and cider strains).
Survey of Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen Status in Musts from California, Oregon, and Washington by Christian E. Butzke, in American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, v.49(2), 220-224, 1998
Tailoring wine yeast for the third millennium: novel approaches to the ancient art of winemaking by Isak S. Pretorius, Science in Africa, Issue 2, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, ZA-7600, South Africa
The use of inert gas in the wine making process
The use of the micro-oxygenation technique
The World of Wine: Can chemical analysis confirm a wine's authenticity? by Damaris Christensen. Science News Online, Jan. 1, 2000; Vol. 157, No. 1 , p. 12
Yeast Selection for the Production of Hard Cider in Canada, by Greg Appleyard

OAK INFLUENCES and COOPERAGE
Cooperage - Facts or Fiction? from Camlachie Cooperage Ltd.
Cooperage: The Art of Barrel Making, from the Wine Rack.

HOME PRODUCTION
Home Winemaking site - Blackberries & Blackberry Wine
Joy of Home Winemaking
Making Table Wine at Home by George M. Cooke and James T. Lapsley with online assistance by Christian E. Butzke [full text is available in .pdf increments]
Wine by Accident! - "The Award-Winning Guide to Making Excellent Wines at Home"
The Home Winemakers Manual

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION
Cost Estimate for Establishment of a Five Thousand Gallon Winery, May 1998, by Alan Dillard, Limestone Creek Viticultural Resources, Jonesboro, IL .
Distilleries: 1997 Economic Census, Manufacturing Industry Series, Issued December 1999.
Wineries: 1997 Economic Census, Manufacturing Industry Series, Issued December 1999.
Winery Starter Kit from the The Ohio Wine Producers Association
Wineries Making Fruit Wines - A small but growing list of commercial wineries who make non-grape wines are listed here.

ORGANIC PRODUCTION
NYSAES Special Report No. 69: Organic Grape and Wine Production Symposium, edited by Robert Pool, 1995 (articles are in pdf format)
Organic Grapes Into Wine Alliance (OGWA) - Features the Organic Grapes into Wine Alliance (OGWA), an organization based in San Francisco, California that supports the production of wines made from organically grown grapes. Notes that OGWEA establishes production standards, education, cooperation and leadership.
Organic wine production in France - a fast increase by Jacques Rousseau

SPECIFIC PRODUCTS
Analysis of Brandy by Solid-Phase MicroExtraction by Ebeler SE, Terrien MB, Butzke CE. [in .pdf format]
Annual Report 2003: Evaluation of Apple Cultivars for Hard Cider Production by G.A. Moulton, G.H. Spitler, J. King, L.J. Price, and D. Zimmerman, Washington State University-Mount Vernon
Apple Varieties & Culture for Hard Cider
Bordeaux - The Official Site
Cider: its origins, how it's made, where it's made, and the popularity of cider today.
Cider Press, by Jeff Summit, how to build your own cider press
Cider Stuff - is page is provided as a resource for information regarding the current public issues related to cider manufacturing. Part of the Virtual Orchard network
Hippocras is not Mead
Historical Info on Perry, by Laura Angotti
Making Simple Fermented Beverages, by Eric C. Garrison, Copyright 1993
Mead Maker's Page - "The basic theme (pilfered from the homebrew digests): If it's good for ancient Druids, runnin' nekkid through the wuids, Drinkin' strange fermented fluids, it's good enough for me!"
The Mysterious Demise of Hard Cider in America (The parent link is Dr. Dave's World).
The Real Cider and Perry Page - Why real cider and perry? As with beer in the UK which comes in two basic forms, keg and real ale, so also do cider and perry. As well as campaigning for real ale, the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) also campaign for traditional styles of cider and perry and have coined the terms real cider and real perry to designate those which are traditionally brewed. Essentially they are brewed direct from the juice of the fruit (no concentrates or flavourings) and are served either as cask and bottle conditioned or still varieties. [---from this site...]
A Review of Méthode Champenoise Production by Bruce Zoecklein, Assistant Professor and Enology Specialist, Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech
Sake World - This site is devoted to Japanese sake, or rice wine, and how it is made, the types, and its culture and impact on Japanese society.
Small-Scale Cidermaking by Andrew Lea. A VERY detailed site about the apple varieties, methods, equipment, and skills needed to make hard cider, including a section, "The Science of Cidermaking." The site also has many great links and recommended readings.
Virtual Orchard Cider Stuff Page - This page is provided as a resource for information regarding the current public issues related to cider manufacturing.

VINTAGE INFORMATION
Vintage and Maturity Wine Charts from Oz Clark and WineToday.com - Includes guides on how to read a Vintage Chart and how to read a Maturity Chart.
Robert Parker's Vintage Chart
World Wine Vintage Tables - by Anthony Hawkins

WINE TASTING / SENSORY PERCEPTION
Glossary of Wine-Tasting Terminology - Prepared and edited by Anthony Hawkins
Wine: Classification of Aromas - T.E. Acree, H. Arn & O. Perrin, Department of Food Science, Cornell University
The Wine Aroma Wheel by Dr. Ann C. Nobel
The Wine Aroma Wheel, a site from Ashland Vineyards and Winery
Wine Tasting Charts from grapenut - "The Charts are intended to help you record your impressions of the wines. There is space to Jot Down your thoughts and a point scale to help you rank them. For those of you still developing a wine vocabulary, there are also some commonly used words that might help." [Charts are available for Red Wines and White Wines.]

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